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Participle
7:09 AM | 
Posted by
Haika
1) Present Participle
The present participle is often used when we want to express an active action.In English we add -ing to the infinitive of the verb.
| Progressive/ Continuous tense | She is drawing a manga now. |
| She was drawing a manga yesterday. (Past) | |
| Gerund | Drawing manga is fun. |
| She likes drawing manga. | |
| Participle | Look at the drawing girl. |
| She came drawing in the room. | |
| She sat drawing in the corner. | |
| I saw her drawing. |
2) Past Participle
The past participle is often used when we want to express a passive action.In English we add -ed to the infinitive of regular verbs.
Use of the past participle:
| Perfect tenses | Kirito has logged out from the game. |
| Kirito had logged out from the game. | |
| Passive voice | An Anime is made. |
| An Anime was made. | |
| Participle | Look at Kakashi's washed car. |
| The car washed yesterday is Kakashi's car. | |
| Kakashi had his car washed. |
3) Compounds with the Past Participle
This combination is also known as perfect participle. It is used to form an active sentence with the past participle. There is a time gap between the actions.Past participle and having:
| Having read the book, Victorique came out of the library. | One action happened after the other. |
| Victorique came out of the library, reading the book. | Both actions happened at the same time. |
4) Participle Clauses
A participle clause contains either a present participle, e.g. seeing,a past participle, e.g. seen,or a perfect participle, e.g. having seen.TIME CLAUSES
A) to replace a time clause to show that an action took place while another was already in progress.While I was walking down the street on Saturday, I saw Mr. Hunter.
B) to replace a time clause to indicate that the event in the subordinate clause comes immediately before the event in the main clause.
Raising their glasses, they wished Kimihiro a happy birthday.
C) to emphasize that the event in the subordinate clause happened before the event in the main clause.
Having spent my money on Anime and Manga, I couldn't afford Anime Festival and Japan Festival tickets.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
A) to replace a relative clause when we give more information about a person or thing.
The girl who is wearing the funny eyepatch is Rikka.
The girl who is wearing the funny eyepatch is Rikka.
The weapon, which was last used in Sword Art Online, is now in Alfheim Online.
REASON/ RESULT
A) to show that the event in the main clause occurs because of the event in the subordinate clause. It can replace a reason clause.Because not understanding Mashiro's question, I was unable to give her an answer.
B) Very often the event in the main clause is the result of the event in the subordinate clause.
Having spent my money on anime and manga, I couldn't afford Anime Festival and Japan Festival tickets.
CONDITION
A) to replace a conditional clauseIf they are washed at the wrong temperature, clothes can shrink.
NOTE: The subject of the participle must also be the subject of the other verb.
It is not possible to say Having a bath, the phone rang.
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English
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